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Steroidal alkaloid toxicity to fish embryos

L Crawford1, R M Kocan

  • 1US Department of Agriculture, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, CA 94710.

Toxicology Letters
|February 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Rainbow trout and medaka fish embryos were tested for steroidal alkaloid toxicity. Rainbow trout showed higher sensitivity, suggesting their utility as a model for studying these toxic compounds.

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Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Ecotoxicology

Background:

  • Steroidal alkaloids, such as those found in Solanum and Veratrum species, pose potential toxicity risks.
  • Establishing reliable model systems is crucial for assessing the impact of these compounds on vertebrate development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the suitability of medaka (Oryzius latipes) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) embryos as model systems for steroidal alkaloid toxicity.
  • To assess the toxicity of specific steroidal alkaloids and one sesquiterpene lactone (repin).

Main Methods:

  • Embryos of medaka and rainbow trout were exposed to various steroidal alkaloids (alpha-chaconine, alpha-solanine, solanidine, solasodine, jervine) and repin.
  • A PROBIT program was utilized to determine effective concentration values (EC1, EC50, EC99) and their confidence limits.
  • Embryo mortality was the primary endpoint assessed.

Main Results:

  • Embryo mortality was observed in both fish species, indicating developmental toxicity.
  • Rainbow trout embryos demonstrated sensitivity to chaconine, solasidine, repin, and solanine.
  • Medaka embryos were only affected by chaconine and solanine.

Conclusions:

  • Rainbow trout embryos are more sensitive to the tested steroidal alkaloids than medaka embryos.
  • Rainbow trout represent a promising lower vertebrate model for investigating the toxicological effects of steroidal alkaloids.
  • Further research can utilize rainbow trout to understand the mechanisms of steroidal alkaloid-induced developmental abnormalities.

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