Increased production of soluble CD23 in rheumatoid arthritis, and its regulation by interleukin-4

To assess CD23 status in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, as defined by the levels of CD23 expression on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), the levels of soluble CD23 (sCD23) in sera, and the production of sCD23 by PBMC cultures and its regulation by interleukin-4 (IL-4).

CD23 expression as determined by double fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis and sCD23 production as determined by immunoradiometric assay were investigated in 24 RA patients and 21 controls. Soluble CD23 was measured in sera and supernatants of PBMC, activated with polyclonal activators (pokeweed mitogen [PWM] or Staphylococcus aureus Cowan strain 1, [SAC]) used either alone or in combination with IL-2 or IL-4.

The percentage of B cells expressing CD23 and serum levels of sCD23 were increased in patients with RA. IL-4 was a potent inducer of sCD23 production in supernatants, whereas IL-2 was inactive. Costimulation with SAC or PWM did not increase the effect obtained with IL-4 alone. When sCD23 levels in RA and control supernatants were compared, spontaneous production was found to be increased in RA PBMC: This difference from control values was even more pronounced when sCD23 levels in PBMC and purified B cells in response to IL-4, either alone or in combination with SAC or PWM, were tested. In the same supernatants, the increased secretion of sCD23 induced by IL-4 was associated with an inhibitory effect of IL-4 on Ig production, a phenomenon that was more pronounced in RA PBMC than in controls.

CD23 status in RA is characterized by increased expression of CD23 on B cells, increased production of sCD23 in sera and supernatants, and increased sensitivity of RA PBMC and B cells to IL-4.