Sound detection and processing by fish: critical review and major research questions

The literature on fish hearing has increased significantly since our last critical review in 1973. The purpose of the current paper is to review the more recent literature and to identify those questions that need to be asked to develop a fuller understanding of the auditory capabilities and processing mechanisms of fishes. We conclude that while our understanding of fish hearing has increased substantially in the past years, there are still major gaps in what we know. In particular, the comparative functional literature is extremely limited, and we do not yet know whether different species, and particularly hearing specialists as compared to hearing nonspecialists, have fundamentally different auditory capabilities and mechanisms.