Hepatic cytosolic oestrogen receptors in patients with liver disease

Patients with liver disease present many of the features of 'feminized' hepatic metabolism. Oestrogens exert their effects through interaction with specific cellular high-affinity receptors (ER). We measured hepatic ER in 102 needle biopsies from patients with chronic alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver disease using an enzyme immunoassay. Fifteen patients with no or minimal changes in liver histology served as controls. The hepatic ER concentrations were significantly (P = 0.05) lower in the 44 men (median 13 fmol mg-1 protein, interquartile range 7-17 fmol mg-1 protein) compared to the 58 women (median 15 fmol mg-1 protein, interquartile range 10-21 fmol mg-1 protein). Patients with alcoholic liver disease (n = 63) had significantly (P < 0.05) lower ER concentrations than controls (n = 15) (median 13 fmol mg-1 protein, interquartile range 7-17 fmol mg-1 protein vs. median 16 fmol mg-1 protein, interquartile range 10-26 fmol mg-1 protein), and compared with patients with non-alcoholic liver disease (n = 24) (P < 0.05, median 20 fmol mg-1 protein, interquartile range 11-24 fmol mg-1 protein). ER concentrations were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in patients with alcoholic liver disease and alcoholic hepatitis (n = 21) compared to those without alcoholic hepatitis (n = 42) (medians 10 vs. 14 fmol mg-1 protein, interquartile ranges 6-15 fmol mg-1 protein vs. 9-18 fmol mg-1 protein), while ER concentrations did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) between actively drinking (median 13 fmol mg-1 protein, interquartile range 7-17 fmol mg-1 protein) and abstaining alcoholic patients (median 13 fmol mg-1 protein. interquartile range 7-18 fmol mg-1 protein). In summary, the small but significant variation in hepatic ER concentrations reflects variation in liver function rather than an effect of ethanol.