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Olfactory dysfunction in diabetes mellitus

R S Weinstock1, H N Wright, D U Smith

  • 1Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Syracuse, NY 13210.

Physiology & Behavior
|January 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Individuals with diabetes mellitus often experience olfactory dysfunction, particularly those with macrovascular disease. This study found impaired odorant identification in diabetic subjects, linked to vascular complications rather than glycemic control or diabetes duration.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Endocrinology
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Olfactory dysfunction is observed in diabetes mellitus, but its underlying causes remain unclear.
  • Diabetes complications may contribute to reduced olfactory abilities.
  • Macrovascular disease is a potential factor in olfactory impairment among diabetics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between diabetes mellitus and olfactory dysfunction.
  • To identify specific diabetes-related factors associated with olfactory deficits.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluated odorant identification abilities in 111 subjects with diabetes using the Odorant Confusion Matrix.
  • Assessed associations between olfactory performance and factors like macrovascular disease, glycemic control, diabetes type/duration, and other complications.

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Main Results:

  • Diabetic subjects demonstrated impaired odorant identification (mean 67.8% correct).
  • Macrovascular disease presence significantly correlated with olfactory dysfunction.
  • Glycemic control, diabetes type/duration, neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy, hypertension, and impotence were not significantly associated with olfactory ability.

Conclusions:

  • Macrovascular disease sequelae, potentially ischemia, negatively impact olfactory function in individuals with diabetes.
  • Age, sex, and smoking status also influenced olfactory performance, consistent with prior research.