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The intrarenal renin-angiotensin system
K D Burns1, T Homma, R C Harris
1Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232.
Seminars in Nephrology
|January 1, 1993
Summary
The renal renin-angiotensin system is present in both fetal and adult kidneys. Angiotensin II (Ang II) affects renal function by constricting arterioles and influencing glomerular filtration.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Endocrinology
- Physiology
Background:
- The renal renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a crucial role in regulating kidney function and blood pressure.
- Components of the RAS are found in both fetal and adult kidneys, indicating its developmental importance.
Purpose of the Study:
- To discuss the localization of renal RAS components.
- To review the regulation of the renal RAS axis.
- To elucidate the effects of Angiotensin II (Ang II) on renal function.
Main Methods:
- Localization studies of renin, angiotensinogen, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in renal tissues.
- Analysis of renin release stimuli, including NaCl, sympathetic nervous system, humoral factors, and blood pressure.
- Investigation of Ang II receptor subtypes (AT1 and AT2) in fetal and adult kidneys using receptor antagonists.
Main Results:
- All RAS components are present in fetal and adult kidneys.
- Renin is localized to juxtaglomerular cells, regulated by cAMP and calcium.
- Ang II constricts afferent and efferent arterioles, affects glomerular mesangial cells, and is found in proximal tubules (PT).
Conclusions:
- The renal RAS is a complex system with components present throughout development.
- Ang II exerts significant effects on renal hemodynamics and filtration through AT1 receptors.
- Further research is needed to fully understand the regulation of renal angiotensinogen and ACE.