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Related Concept Videos

Classification of Illness01:17

Classification of Illness

The meaning of illness is individualized to each person who experiences an alteration in health. In contrast, disease is a medical term indicating a pathological change in the structure and function of the body or mind. It is a condition that has specific symptoms and boundaries.
An illness is a response to a disease in which the person's level of functioning is changed compared with a previous level. The general classification of illness includes acute and chronic.
Acute illness is severe and...
Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are not...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment01:08

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment

Hepatic impairment, characterized by decreased liver function, does not uniformly mandate adjustments in drug dosage. Whether dosage modifications are necessary depends on various factors related to the drug's metabolism and elimination pathways. If a drug is primarily excreted via the kidneys and bypasses significant hepatic processing, if it undergoes minimal metabolic transformation in the liver, or if it is volatile and primarily expelled through the lungs, dose adjustments may not be...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 28, 2026

E-Patient Counseling Trial (E-PACO): Computer Based Education versus Nurse Counseling for Patients to Prepare for Colonoscopy
06:28

E-Patient Counseling Trial (E-PACO): Computer Based Education versus Nurse Counseling for Patients to Prepare for Colonoscopy

Published on: August 1, 2019

Physicians' adjustment to retirement

B Virshup1, R H Coombs

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, School of Medicine, Los Angeles.

The Western Journal of Medicine
|February 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Retired physicians report improved health and relationships, with most enjoying retirement. Fears of boredom and decline are unfounded, indicating a positive transition for many doctors.

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Medical Sociology
  • Physician Well-being

Background:

  • Physician retirement transitions are understudied.
  • Understanding factors influencing retired physician well-being is crucial for support.
  • Limited data exists on retired physicians' post-career adjustment and satisfaction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how physicians adjust to retirement.
  • To identify factors contributing to retired physicians' well-being.
  • To assess retired physicians' general enjoyment and satisfaction with post-career life.

Main Methods:

  • A questionnaire was mailed to 238 retired physicians in Los Angeles County.
  • A 41.6% response rate was achieved.
  • The survey assessed health, standard of living, relationships, activities, emotional difficulties, and overall enjoyment.

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Therapeutic Massage for Psychological Well-being in Geriatric Oncology
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Therapeutic Massage for Psychological Well-being in Geriatric Oncology

Published on: May 22, 2026

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E-Patient Counseling Trial (E-PACO): Computer Based Education versus Nurse Counseling for Patients to Prepare for Colonoscopy
06:28

E-Patient Counseling Trial (E-PACO): Computer Based Education versus Nurse Counseling for Patients to Prepare for Colonoscopy

Published on: August 1, 2019

Therapeutic Massage for Psychological Well-being in Geriatric Oncology
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Therapeutic Massage for Psychological Well-being in Geriatric Oncology

Published on: May 22, 2026

Main Results:

  • Physician health and relationships with family often improved post-retirement.
  • Most retired physicians reported a comfortable or better standard of living.
  • Emotional difficulties were minimal and reduced, with most physicians enjoying retirement activities and freedom.

Conclusions:

  • Physician retirement is generally a positive experience with improved well-being.
  • Factors like enhanced health and relationships contribute to satisfaction.
  • Concerns about boredom and deterioration in retirement are largely unfounded for physicians.