Complete oxidation of benzoate and 4-hydroxybenzoate by a new sulfate-reducing bacterium resembling Desulfoarculus

A new sulfate-reducer "strain SAX" was isolated from an anaerobic marine sediment [Saxild, Denmark]. The isolate was a gram-negative, motile and non-spore-forming rod which sometimes appeared as a curved rod. Strain SAX differed from all described Desulfovibrio-, Desulfobotulus- and Desulfoarculus-species by the ability to degrade aromatic compounds such as benzoate, 4-hydroxybenzoate and phenol completely to CO2. Electron donors used included lactate, pyruvate, malate, fumarate, crotonate and butyrate, while pyruvate was fermented in the absence of an external electron acceptor. Sulfate, thiosulfate or sulfite served as electron acceptors with benzoate as the donor, while nitrate and nitrite did not. The sulfate-reducing bacterium required vitamins and NaCl-concentrations of about 20 g/l. The optimum temperature for growth of strain SAX was 30 degrees C and the optimum pH value was 7.3. The DNA base composition was 62.4 mol% G+C. The strain possessed cytochrome c3, but no desulfoviridin. On the basis of these characteristics and because strain SAX could not be ascribed to any of the existing species therefore assignment as a new species to the genus Desulfoarculus was suggested.