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Neonatal vocal cord paralysis

B N Benjamin1, S D Gray, C M Bailey

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology, William Bland Centre, Sydney, Australia.

Head & Neck
|March 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Surgery is a common cause of neonatal unilateral vocal cord paralysis. Evaluation for cardiovascular or central nervous system anomalies is recommended when surgery is not the cause.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Otolaryngology
  • Neonatal Neurology

Background:

  • Unilateral vocal cord paralysis (UVCP) in neonates often stems from surgical procedures.
  • In cases without a surgical history, potential underlying causes include cardiovascular or central nervous system anomalies.

Observation:

  • Consultants debated diagnostic approaches for neonatal UVCP, with recommendations including endoscopy, assessment of cricoarytenoid mobility, and evaluation for congenital anomalies.
  • Neurologic examination and observation of laryngeal dynamics were also suggested.
  • Laryngeal electromyography (EMG) is not a standard infant diagnostic technique, though it is used in research.

Findings:

  • There is no consensus on the relationship between laryngomalacia and vocal cord paralysis.
  • Aspiration is generally considered unlikely but conservative management (thickened feedings, anti-reflux precautions) is advised if it occurs.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Treatment options for severe cases range from injections and tracheotomy to Nissen fundoplication or tube feedings.

    • Implications:

    • The prognosis for neonatal UVCP is typically good.
    • Follow-up often involves serial laryngoscopic examinations.
    • Surgical reinnervation procedures may be considered for persistent vocal weakness around age 3.