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Training balance and strength in the elderly to improve function

L Wolfson1, R Whipple, J Judge

  • 1Department of Neurology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington 06030-4446.

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
|March 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary
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Balance and strength training programs can significantly improve balance and mobility in older adults. Combining both approaches may offer the greatest benefits for fall prevention and functional independence in the elderly.

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Rehabilitation Science

Background:

  • Sensory input alterations and destabilizing movements enhance balance control in the short term.
  • Strength training programs show potential for increasing strength and function in elderly populations, including frail individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the individual and combined effects of balance and strength training on balance, gait, and functional mobility in community-dwelling elderly.
  • To compare the efficacy of balance training alone, strength training alone, and combined training against a control group.

Main Methods:

  • A 2x2 factorial design with 30 participants per group, all aged 75 years or older.
  • Intervention: 3 months of supervised training sessions (45 minutes, 3 times/week), followed by 6 months of home-based Tai Chi.

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  • Outcome measure: Functional balance assessed by loss of balance during support tilts and visual surround movement.

    • Main Results:

    • Hypothesized that balance training alone, strength training alone, and combined training would each significantly improve balance, gait, and functional mobility compared to controls.
    • Further hypothesized that the combined program would be superior to either individual training approach.

    Conclusions:

    • The study aims to provide evidence-based recommendations for exercise interventions to enhance physical function and reduce fall risk in the elderly.
    • Findings will inform the development of effective exercise strategies for promoting healthy aging and independence.