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Update on artificial sweeteners and bladder cancer

M Elcock1, R W Morgan

  • 1Environmental Health Strategies, Inc., Redwood City, California 94065.

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology : RTP
|February 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Artificial sweeteners, including saccharin, show no link to bladder cancer in humans. Recent studies and meta-analyses confirm no detectable association, refuting earlier concerns.

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Toxicology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Concerns regarding artificial sweetener safety, specifically saccharin, and bladder cancer risk have persisted.
  • Previous studies suggested a potential link, necessitating further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the association between artificial sweetener consumption and bladder cancer.
  • To synthesize current epidemiologic evidence and assess saccharin's carcinogenicity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent epidemiologic studies on artificial sweeteners and bladder cancer.
  • Meta-analysis of case-control studies to determine summary relative risk.
  • Evaluation of mechanistic data regarding saccharin's effect in male rats.

Main Results:

  • Epidemiologic reviews indicate no detectable association between artificial sweetener use and bladder cancer.
  • Meta-analysis of case-control studies yielded a summary relative risk close to unity (RR=0.97).
  • New evidence suggests a unique mechanism for saccharin carcinogenicity in male rats, not applicable to humans.

Conclusions:

  • Saccharin consumption is not associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer in humans.
  • Current scientific evidence does not support a link between artificial sweeteners and bladder cancer.
  • The mechanism of saccharin carcinogenicity observed in male rats is not relevant to human health risks.

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