Follow-up compliance after emergency department evaluation

To identify factors associated with outpatient follow-up of emergency department visits.

A retrospective review of 587 ED charts meeting strict criteria was performed. The following variables were identified: method used to arrange follow-up, age, sex, consultant contacts, distance from patient's residence to hospital, previous physician, recommended time to clinic return, and funding source. Compliance was assessed using the outpatient registration computer data base.

ED and outpatient clinics of an urban university teaching hospital.

Inclusion criteria were age between 18 and 75 years, patient released to outpatient care, and instructions specifying a university hospital clinic or ED follow-up and a time period within which this appointment was to occur. Follow-up options included patients being asked to return to the ED on a specific day (group 1), being given a specific clinic appointment (group 2), or being given the clinic telephone number and instructed to call for an appointment (group 3).

Compliance rates, defined as follow-up within seven days of the recommended date, were group 1, 51%; group 2, 65%; and group 3, 46%. Significant confounding factors adversely affecting follow-up as determined by multiple logistic regression analysis were decreasing age (P < .05), absence of insurance (P < .01), and no ED consultation with follow-up clinic physician (P < .01). Controlling for these factors and the reason for follow-up showed that having the patient schedule their own follow-up was associated with poor follow-up compliance (P < .001).

Compliance with follow-up is multifactorial. Consultant contact at the time of initial patient evaluation and provision of a return visit appointment at the time of ED release should improve compliance in a university hospital setting.