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Breast-feeding and cognitive development

W J Rogan1, B C Gladen

  • 1Division of Biometry and Risk Assessment, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709.

Early Human Development
|January 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary
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Breastfeeding showed small but significant benefits for cognitive development and school performance in middle-class children. These advantages, measured by developmental tests and report cards, persisted into school age.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Pediatrics
  • Child Development

Background:

  • Infant feeding practices are crucial for child development.
  • Previous research suggests potential cognitive benefits of breastfeeding.
  • Longitudinal data on the long-term effects of feeding mode are valuable.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of infant feeding mode on developmental scores.
  • To assess the relationship between feeding method and school grades.
  • To determine if breastfeeding confers lasting cognitive or academic advantages.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective cohort study of 855 newborns (1978-1982).
  • Developmental assessments included Bayley Scales (6 months-2 years) and McCarthy Scales (3-5 years).

Related Experiment Videos

  • School performance data collected via report cards from grade 3 onwards; multivariate analyses adjusted for confounders.

    • Main Results:

    • Breast-fed children exhibited statistically significant, albeit small, increases in scores on Bayley and McCarthy tests from 2 to 5 years.
    • Slightly higher English grades were observed in breast-fed children on report cards.
    • These findings remained consistent in both crude and adjusted analyses.

    Conclusions:

    • Breastfeeding is associated with subtle but detectable cognitive and academic benefits extending to school age.
    • The observed effects, while small, highlight the potential long-term impact of infant feeding choices.
    • Findings are based on a predominantly white, middle-class sample, suggesting further research in diverse populations.