Structural properties of high density lipoprotein subclasses homogeneous in protein composition and size

We isolated native high density lipoprotein (HDL) subclasses homogeneous in size and in their protein content with the objective of investigating the differences and similarities in their apolipoprotein AI (apoA-I) structures. Defined particles were isolated from ultracentrifugally prepared HDL by immunoaffinity and gel-filtration chromatography. The isolated 88-A LpAI, 106-A LpAI, 96-A LpAI/AII particles (LpAI, particles contain only apoA-I; LpAI/AII, particles contain apoA-I and apoA-II), together with a 93-A reconstituted HDL were analyzed for purity, composition, and content of apolipoprotein molecules per particle, and were examined by far and near circular dichroism and intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopic methods, as well as by reaction kinetics with lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase. The spectroscopic analyses indicated that the secondary structures and three-dimensional arrangements of apoA-I in all these particles are remarkably similar: their tryptophan residues are located in similar nonpolar environments and become exposed to increasing concentrations of guanidine hydrochloride in comparable denaturation steps; the 60-65% alpha-helical structures in apoA-I are denatured in similar patterns with 0-5 M denaturant concentrations. However, increasing surface lipid contents and the presence of apoA-II stabilize apoA-I on the HDL particles. The reaction kinetics with lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase are similar and slow for the isolated HDL particles, reflecting product inhibition, and/or an apoA-I conformation that is unfavorable for the activation of the lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase reaction.