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Thyroid function in women with premenstrual syndrome

P J Schmidt1, G N Grover, P P Roy-Byrne

  • 1National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
|March 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Thyroid function abnormalities are common in women with premenstrual syndrome (PMS), but L-T4 treatment is not effective. These findings suggest a specific subgroup of PMS patients may have stimulated thyroid dysfunction.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Women's Health

Background:

  • Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) affects many women, with its exact causes still under investigation.
  • The potential link between thyroid function and PMS symptoms requires further exploration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between thyroid function and PMS symptoms.
  • To assess the efficacy of L-T4 in managing PMS.

Main Methods:

  • Basal thyroid function tests (n=124) and thyroid auto-antibody levels (n=63) were analyzed.
  • Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation tests were conducted during different menstrual phases (n=39-21).
  • A double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial evaluated L-T4 efficacy in PMS treatment (n=30).

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Main Results:

  • 10.5% of women showed basal thyroid dysfunction (hypo/hyperthyroidism); 13% had elevated thyroid auto-antibodies.
  • Abnormal TRH stimulation test responses (blunted or exaggerated) were observed in 30% of women with normal basal TSH.
  • L-T4 was not found to be superior to placebo in treating PMS.

Conclusions:

  • While PMS is not solely masked hypothyroidism, abnormal stimulated thyroid function is more frequent in PMS patients, potentially identifying a distinct subgroup.
  • L-T4 supplementation is not recommended for routine PMS management.