Vitamin E as an adjuvant in an Escherichia coli J5 vaccine

Vitamin E was tested as an adjuvant in an Escherichia coli (O111:B4) J5 vaccine. Twenty cows were assigned to five groups of 4 cows. Cows in four groups were vaccinated with an E. coli J5 bacterin containing 5 ml of 10(9) boiled cells/ml. Vaccinations were at drying off, 30 d after drying off, and within 48 h after calving. Vaccine adjuvants differed among groups. The four treatment adjuvants were 5 ml of Freund's incomplete adjuvant, 5 ml of vitamin E, 2.5 ml of Freund's plus 2.5 ml of vitamin E, and 5 ml of PBS. Cows in the fifth group were unimmunized controls. A front mammary quarter of each cow was challenged by infusion of 10 micrograms of E. coli J5 lipopolysaccharide approximately 4 wk into lactation. Vitamin E alone enhanced serum IgM titers but had no effect on milk IgM or serum and milk IgG titers. The mixture of Freund's plus vitamin E resulted in peak IgG titers in serum and milk comparable with that of Freund's alone. Persistency of IgG titers in cows immunized with the Freund's plus vitamin E mixture was greater than the persistency of titers for cows immunized with the vaccine containing Freund's alone as the adjuvant. The mixture of Freund's plus vitamin E had a synergistic effect in reducing severity of systemic clinical signs.