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Vitamin E in cranes: reference ranges and nutrient interactions

E S Dierenfeld1, C D Sheppard, J Langenberg

  • 1New York Zoological Society, Bronx 10460.

Journal of Wildlife Diseases
|January 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary
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Crane species from temperate habitats show higher vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) levels. Dietary vitamin E correlates with plasma levels, while selenium may decrease them.

Area of Science:

  • Avian nutrition
  • Wildlife health
  • Nutritional biochemistry

Background:

  • Fat-soluble vitamins A and E are crucial for avian health.
  • Plasma concentrations of these vitamins can reflect nutritional status and environmental factors.
  • Understanding vitamin levels in cranes is important for conservation and captive management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To measure plasma concentrations of vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) and vitamin A (all-trans retinol) in various crane species.
  • To investigate factors influencing vitamin levels, including age, sex, habitat, and diet.
  • To establish baseline vitamin levels for captive and free-ranging cranes.

Main Methods:

  • Plasma samples were collected from 274 captive and 5 free-ranging cranes of all 15 species.

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  • Vitamins E and A were quantified using established analytical methods.
  • Statistical analyses were performed to assess differences based on age, sex, species, and habitat, and to explore dietary correlations.

    • Main Results:

    • Captive cranes had higher mean plasma alpha-tocopherol (6.57 +/- 0.82 microg/ml) than migrating greater sandhill cranes (3.71 +/- 0.22 microg/ml).
    • Temperate-dwelling crane species exhibited higher alpha-tocopherol levels than tropical/subtropical species; no significant age or sex effects were found.
    • Plasma retinol levels did not differ significantly across groups; dietary vitamin E showed a logarithmic correlation with plasma alpha-tocopherol, and 0.5 mg/kg dietary selenium was linked to lower alpha-tocopherol.

    Conclusions:

    • Plasma vitamin E levels in cranes are influenced by geographic origin (habitat) and diet.
    • Dietary vitamin E intake is a key determinant of circulating alpha-tocopherol concentrations.
    • Selenium supplementation may warrant careful consideration due to its potential impact on vitamin E status in cranes.