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Related Experiment Videos

Responses to the thermal environment

J A Stolwijk

    Federation Proceedings
    |April 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Humans maintain body temperature through voluntary behavioral changes and involuntary physiological autonomic responses. These mechanisms, including clothing, sweating, and shivering, are influenced by environmental factors and individual physiology.

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    Area of Science:

    • Human physiology
    • Environmental health
    • Thermoregulation

    Background:

    • Maintaining a narrow internal body temperature range (36-38°C) is crucial for human survival.
    • Responses to thermal environments involve both voluntary and involuntary mechanisms.
    • Internal heat production also influences thermoregulation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To outline the categories and mechanisms of human responses to thermal environments.
    • To explore the interplay between behavioral and physiological thermoregulatory strategies.
    • To understand factors influencing the effectiveness of these responses.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of voluntary (behavioral) and involuntary (physiological/autonomic) response categories.
    • Description of physiological mechanisms: vasoconstriction, vasodilation, shivering, and sweating.

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  • Analysis of factors affecting autonomic responses: temperature, acclimation, diurnal cycle, fitness, and sex.

    • Main Results:

    • Behavioral responses involve modifying the microenvironment (e.g., clothing, conditioning).
    • Physiological responses include altering thermal conductance and heat production/loss.
    • Autonomic responses are proportional to internal and skin temperatures and can be modified by acclimation.

    Conclusions:

    • Both behavioral and physiological responses are essential for thermoregulation.
    • Thermal discomfort is closely linked to the level of autonomic responses.
    • Acclimation, diurnal cycles, fitness, and sex significantly modulate physiological responses to thermal stress.