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Adverse reactions to plasma and plasma components

J P Isbister1

  • 1Department of Haematology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia.

Anaesthesia and Intensive Care
|February 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Plasma derivatives can cause a wider range of adverse reactions than often recognized. Understanding these immunological and physicochemical reactions is crucial for patient safety and effective treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Transfusion Medicine
  • Immunology
  • Clinical Pathology

Background:

  • Plasma and its derivatives have historically been associated with adverse reactions.
  • The frequency and spectrum of these reactions may be underestimated by clinicians.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of recipient reactions to plasma and plasma components.
  • To elucidate the underlying immunological and physicochemical mechanisms of these reactions.
  • To highlight the clinical presentations and potential impact of undiagnosed adverse effects.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical presentations and mechanisms of plasma-derived product reactions.
  • Analysis of immunological incompatibilities (donor-recipient antigen-antibody reactions).
  • Evaluation of physicochemical factors (temperature, additives, processing, storage).

Main Results:

  • Adverse reactions can stem from immunological differences or physicochemical properties of plasma components.
  • Many adverse effects of plasma products are frequently unrecognized and untreated, especially if not immediately life-threatening.
  • Undiagnosed reactions can significantly impact patient outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Clinicians must be aware of the broad spectrum and frequency of potential adverse reactions to plasma and its derivatives.
  • Understanding reaction mechanisms is key to diagnosis and management.
  • Preventative strategies in product preparation and administration are vital to minimize risks.

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