Surfactant improves lung function and morphology in newborn rabbits with meconium aspiration

Nearly mature newborn rabbits (gestational age 29.5 days) were tracheotomized at birth and received, via the tracheal cannula, 6 ml/kg body weight of a filtered saline suspension of human meconium, 65 or 130 mg/ml. Animals were kept in body plethysmographs and ventilated for 60 min with standardized tidal volume (8-10 ml/kg). Aspiration of meconium caused, in both groups, a statistically significant reduction in lung-thorax compliance, elevated PCO2 in heart blood and reduced alveolar volume density (VV) in histological sections. Both groups responded to treatment with exogenous surfactant (Curosurf, 200 mg/kg) with a moderate, statistically significant improvement in lung-thorax compliance, PCO2 and alveolar VV. Our data indicate that respiratory failure after neonatal meconium aspiration may be influenced favorably by treatment with exogenous surfactant.