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Pulmonary embolism after cardiac surgery

M Josa1, S Y Siouffi, A B Silverman

  • 1Department of Surgery, Brockton/West Roxbury Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.

Journal of the American College of Cardiology
|March 15, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a rare complication after isolated valve replacement but occurs in 3.2% of cardiac surgery patients, particularly after coronary bypass surgery. Risk factors include obesity and prolonged recovery.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Thoracic Surgery
  • Vascular Surgery

Background:

  • Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is an uncommon complication after cardiac surgery.
  • Incidence of PE was documented in 1,033 consecutive cardiac surgery patients over 5 years.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the incidence of pulmonary embolism (PE) after cardiac surgery.
  • To compare PE incidence in subgroups undergoing coronary bypass, valve surgery, and combined procedures.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluation of parallel cohorts of patients in a tertiary referral center.
  • Comparison of PE incidence across different cardiac surgical subgroups.

Main Results:

  • PE developed in 3.2% (33/1,033) of cardiac surgical patients, primarily after coronary bypass.

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  • No PE cases occurred after isolated valve replacement (p < 0.05).
  • Risk factors included prolonged recovery, obesity, and hyperlipidemia; mortality was higher in PE patients (18.7% vs 3.3%, p < 0.01).

    • Conclusions:

    • PE is not uncommon after coronary bypass surgery.
    • PE is rare after isolated valve replacement surgery.