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Allelic genealogy and human evolution

N Takahata1

  • 1National Institute of Genetics, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Mishima, Japan.

Molecular Biology and Evolution
|January 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Human population size has remained large, around 10^4, for the past million years, rejecting small founder group hypotheses for modern human origins. Genetic data indicate continuous large populations, not severe bottlenecks.

Area of Science:

  • Human evolutionary genetics
  • Population genetics
  • Paleoanthropology

Background:

  • Genetic variation analysis suggests a substantial effective human population size over evolutionary history.
  • Previous hypotheses for modern human origins often posited small founding populations, which are now being re-evaluated.
  • The Major Histocompatibility Complex (Mhc) is known for its high polymorphism, offering insights into past population dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate hypotheses for modern human origins based on genetic variation data.
  • To determine past effective population sizes and migration patterns.
  • To assess the impact of bottlenecks and the founder principle on human evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of genetic variation at multiple loci in human populations.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Examination of polymorphism patterns within the Major Histocompatibility Complex (Mhc).
  • Inference of past effective population sizes and population structure.

    • Main Results:

    • Effective population size has been approximately 10^4 for the past million years, with no evidence of severe bottlenecks.
    • Extraordinary polymorphism at Mhc loci rules out the founder principle for human origins, extending back 35 million years.
    • Effective population size may have been as large as 10^5 prior to the late Pleistocene, potentially decreasing later due to environmental factors or increased migration.

    Conclusions:

    • Hypotheses assuming a small number of founding individuals for modern human origins are rejected.
    • Human populations have maintained a relatively large size throughout their evolutionary history.
    • The agriculture revolution may have influenced allele incorporation and population dynamics.