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Different modes of Mhc evolution in primates

J Klein1, C O'hUigin, F Figueroa

  • 1Max-Planck-Institut für Biologie, Abteilung Immungenetik, Tübingen, Federal Republic of Germany.

Molecular Biology and Evolution
|January 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary
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The human major histocompatibility complex (Mhc) shows varied evolutionary paths across its regions. Some Mhc regions are stable, while others, like the DRB region, exhibit significant evolutionary instability and rearrangements.

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Human Genetics

Background:

  • The human major histocompatibility complex (Mhc) is a large genomic region containing over 84 genes.
  • These genes encode critical molecules like class I and II, complement components, and various proteins.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the distinct evolutionary histories of different regions within the human Mhc.
  • To understand the mechanisms driving genetic diversity and stability in the Mhc.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative genomic analysis of specific Mhc regions (DP, C4-CYP21, DRB) across different primate lineages.
  • Examination of gene duplication, homogenization via unequal crossing-over, and rearrangements.

Main Results:

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  • The DP region shows ancient stability since the Anthropoidea ancestor.
  • The C4-CYP21 region underwent duplication and periodic homogenization, leading to gene similarity within species.
  • The DRB region, originating in Catarrhini ancestors, exhibits frequent rearrangements and transspecific haplotype evolution, with distinct Platyrrhini origins.

    • Conclusions:

    • The Mhc is a mosaic of evolutionary stability and instability.
    • Different Mhc regions possess unique evolutionary trajectories shaped by duplication, homogenization, and rearrangement events.