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Food additives and allergy

R W Weber1

  • 1Allergy/Immunology Service, Fitzsimons Army Medical Center.

Annals of Allergy
|March 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Food additives can cause adverse reactions, particularly skin issues like urticaria. While less common in asthma, careful oral challenges are key for diagnosis, and a small subset of children may show behavioral impacts.

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Area of Science:

  • Clinical immunology
  • Allergy and immunology
  • Pediatric allergy

Background:

  • Food additives are known to trigger adverse reactions in susceptible individuals.
  • While sulfite sensitivity can be severe in asthmatics, such reactions are less common than previously feared.
  • Cutaneous reactions, such as urticaria, are more frequently associated with food additives than respiratory symptoms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evidence regarding adverse reactions to food additives.
  • To discuss diagnostic methods for suspected food additive sensitivities.
  • To examine the role of food additives in asthma, urticaria, and hyperkinesis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing scientific literature on food additives and adverse reactions.

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  • Discussion of diagnostic approaches including oral challenges (double-blind, placebo-controlled).
  • Consideration of specific patient populations: asthmatics, urticarial patients, and children with hyperkinesis.

    • Main Results:

    • Asthmatic responses to food additives are unusual; restricted diets offer no general benefit.
    • Urticarial and other cutaneous reactions to food additives are more common, potentially benefiting from dietary restrictions.
    • Evidence suggests a small subset of children may exhibit behavioral changes due to food additives, but findings are not uniform.

    Conclusions:

    • Oral challenges, particularly double-blind, are the gold standard for diagnosing food additive sensitivities.
    • Careful methodology is crucial for challenges in both asthmatic and urticarial patients to ensure accurate results.
    • The impact of food additives on behavior in children appears less widespread than initially postulated.