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IgE response in multiple myeloma

R Tamir1, I Barchat, H Weiss

  • 1Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Beilinson Medical Center, Petah Tiqva, Israel.

Annals of Allergy
|March 1, 1993
PubMed
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Immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels and skin test responses remain intact in multiple myeloma (MM) patients, unlike other immunoglobulin isotypes. This suggests IgE production is unaffected by the MM disease process.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Multiple myeloma (MM) is a cancer of plasma cells, often associated with significant alterations in immunoglobulin levels.
  • Previous research indicates a depression in polyclonal immunoglobulin isotypes in MM patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels and immediate hypersensitivity skin test responses in patients with multiple myeloma (MM).
  • To compare IgE levels and skin test reactivity in MM patients with monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS) and healthy controls.
  • To assess the impact of alkylating agent therapy on IgE and other immunoglobulin levels in MM.

Main Methods:

  • Serum samples from MM patients, MGUS patients, and normal controls were analyzed for IgE levels.
  • Immediate skin tests using common environmental allergens were performed on MM patients and nonatopic controls.

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  • MM patients underwent one-year treatment with alkylating agents, with subsequent monitoring of immunoglobulin levels.

    • Main Results:

    • IgE levels in MM patients were comparable to those in MGUS patients and normal controls.
    • Unlike other polyclonal immunoglobulins, IgE levels were not significantly depressed in MM patients.
    • Immediate skin test responses to allergens were preserved in MM patients.
    • Alkylating agent treatment reduced monoclonal immunoglobulin levels in MM but only tended to decrease IgE levels, with no effect on other polyclonal immunoglobulins.

    Conclusions:

    • IgE production and immediate skin test responsiveness are not impaired by the pathological processes in multiple myeloma.
    • A dissociation exists between the immune response of IgE antibodies and other polyclonal immunoglobulins in the context of MM.
    • These findings highlight a unique preservation of IgE-mediated immunity in MM patients.