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Equine markers genes. Polymorphism for group-specific component (Gc)

Animal Blood Groups and Biochemical Genetics

|January 1, 1978

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Equine Gc protein exhibits polymorphism with three phenotypes (F, FS, S) identified. This genetic system, with two codominant alleles (GcF, GcS), is valuable for horse identification and parentage testing.

Area of Science:

Animal Genetics
Immunology
Biochemistry

Background:

The Gc protein (also known as Vitamin D Binding Protein) plays crucial roles in vitamin D transport and metabolism.
Understanding genetic polymorphism in animal proteins is essential for population genetics and breeding programs.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the polymorphism of equine Gc protein.
To determine the genetic basis of observed Gc protein phenotypes in horses.
To assess the utility of the equine Gc protein system for identification and parentage analysis.

Main Methods:

Immunofixation electrophoresis was employed to analyze Gc protein.
A goat anti-human Gc antibody was used for detection.
Family data analysis was conducted to establish genetic inheritance patterns.

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Main Results:

Three distinct phenotypes of equine Gc protein were identified: F, FS, and S.
Family studies confirmed the presence of two autosomal codominant alleles, GcF and GcS.
These alleles were found across various horse breeds, including Standardbred, Thoroughbred, Arabian, and Shetland ponies.

Conclusions:

The equine Gc protein system is genetically controlled by two codominant autosomal alleles.
The allele GcS has a frequency of 0.23 in American Standardbred horses.
This polymorphic system offers a valuable tool for equine identification and parentage testing.