[Syncope and transitory amaurosis during mastocytosis]

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Hematology
• Dermatology

Background:

• Mastocytosis is a rare disorder characterized by the abnormal accumulation of mast cells in tissues.
• Neurological complications are uncommon but can occur, with syncope being the most frequent.
• This case involves a 70-year-old male with a 20-year history of mastocytosis.

Observation:

• The patient experienced a syncopal episode followed by transient amaurosis (temporary blindness).
• This presentation is unusual, as neurological manifestations are exceptional in mastocytosis.
• The syncope was attributed to a drop in arterial pressure.

Findings:

• The syncopal event was likely caused by an inappropriate discharge of histamine, a key mediator in mast cell degranulation.
• Histamine release can lead to systemic effects, including cardiovascular changes.
• Transient amaurosis suggests a temporary disruption of visual pathways, possibly related to hemodynamic instability.

Implications:

• This case underscores the potential for diverse and severe neurological complications in mastocytosis, even after long-standing disease.
• It highlights the importance of considering mastocytosis in the differential diagnosis of unexplained syncope and visual disturbances.
• Further research into the mechanisms of neurological involvement in mastocytosis may lead to improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.