When is communication a meeting of minds?

Do infants and young children (two-year-olds) possess an implicit theory of mind which is revealed through their communicative interactions or are they simply treating their interlocutors as objects to manipulate in service to their own material ends? Shatz & O'Reilly (1990) criticized a paper by Golinkoff (1986) for claiming that infants were attempting to communicate as opposed to simply manipulate their listeners. This paper takes exception to that argument. It reviews additional evidence which indicates that infants in the second year of life are capable of communicating for the sake of the 'meeting of minds'. The alternative--treating young children's communications as only the firing off of conversational routines for the purpose of attaining material ends--seriously underestimates infants' knowledge of the communicative process.