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Related Experiment Videos

Heart rate control in normal and aborted-SIDS infants

S M Pincus1, T R Cummins, G G Haddad

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510.

The American Journal of Physiology
|March 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Approximate entropy (ApEn) analysis of infant heart rate reveals distinct sleep patterns. Lower ApEn values during quiet sleep in aborted SIDS infants suggest abnormal autonomic regulation, potentially aiding in SIDS risk assessment.

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Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Computational Biology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) remains a leading cause of infant mortality.
  • Understanding autonomic regulation during sleep is crucial for SIDS risk stratification.
  • Approximate entropy (ApEn) offers a method to quantify heart rate variability and regularity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To apply Approximate entropy (ApEn) to heart rate data from normal and aborted SIDS infants.
  • To differentiate sleep states (quiet vs. REM) based on heart rate variability and regularity.
  • To investigate potential associations between ApEn values and SIDS events.

Main Methods:

  • Heart rate data from normal and aborted SIDS infants were analyzed using Approximate entropy (ApEn).

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  • Sleep states were classified as quiet or rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep based on established criteria.
  • Heart rate variability, stationarity, and normalized regularity (ApEnsub) were calculated for each sleep state.

    • Main Results:

    • REM sleep exhibited greater overall variability and lower stationarity compared to quiet sleep.
    • Normalized REM sleep was found to be more regular (lower ApEnsub) than quiet sleep.
    • Fifty percent of aborted SIDS infants displayed greater ApEn instability during quiet sleep than normal infants.
    • A significant association was observed between low ApEn values during quiet sleep and aborted SIDS events; 5 of 14 aborted SIDS infants had ApEn values below the normal range.

    Conclusions:

    • Heart rate patterns differ significantly between quiet and REM sleep states, with REM sleep being more variable and less stationary.
    • Abnormal autonomic regulation, indicated by altered ApEn values during quiet sleep, may be a risk factor in aborted SIDS.
    • ApEn analysis of heart rate variability shows promise as a tool for identifying infants at high risk for SIDS.