Population heterogeneity among cells of the megakaryocyte lineage

Understanding the developmental steps in megakaryocyte differentiation requires information regarding the microenvironmental influences which direct or permit the growth and differentiation of these cells. The megakaryocyte microenvironment, like other lineages, is a complex structure comprised of the various megakaryocytic cells, the extracellular matrix (ECM) surrounding them, and the hematopoietic stromal cells which elaborate both growth factors and ECM. As a result, definition of the minimal essential requirements for megakaryocyte development is difficult. The intricacies of megakaryocyte development are further complicated by the cellular heterogeneity of both mature megakaryocytes and their precursors, as well as a differential responsiveness of these cells to hematopoietic growth factors. This review focuses on defining the various subpopulations of megakaryocytic cells and examining their functional distinctions and in vitro responsiveness to various stimuli.