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Osteoporosis: screening, prevention, and management

M Notelovitz1

  • 1Women's Medical and Diagnostic Center, Gainesville, Florida.

Fertility and Sterility
|April 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Osteoporosis prevention can be enhanced through routine bone mass screening for high-risk perimenopausal women. Early identification and lifestyle interventions are key to maximizing bone density and preventing fractures.

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Area of Science:

  • Bone Metabolism and Endocrinology
  • Preventive Medicine
  • Women's Health

Background:

  • Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disorder with significant risk factors including genetics, lifestyle, and hormonal changes.
  • Early identification of at-risk individuals is crucial for effective prevention strategies.
  • Technological advancements enable widespread prevention and potential elimination of osteoporosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide clinical recommendations for osteoporosis prevention.
  • To advocate for routine bone mass screening in asymptomatic, high-risk perimenopausal women.
  • To highlight the role of accessible and reimbursable screening procedures.

Main Methods:

  • Review of research on clinical management of osteopenia and osteoporosis in women.
  • Evaluation of pathogenesis and risk factors for osteoporosis.
  • Assessment of bone densitometry methods, favoring dual-energy roentgenographic absorptiometry (DXA).
  • Review of biochemical markers for bone formation and resorption.

Main Results:

  • Dual-energy roentgenographic absorptiometry (DXA) is the preferred method for screening at-risk women.
  • Biochemical markers can assess the balance between bone formation and resorption.
  • Various factors influencing bone mass were discussed.

Conclusions:

  • Primary care physicians, particularly gynecologists, are vital in osteoporosis prevention.
  • Identifying at-risk women early and emphasizing pre-menopausal peak bone mass development is essential.
  • Individualized patient plans should focus on exercise, nutrition (calcium, vitamin D), lifestyle, and hormone replacement therapy.

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