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Osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease

F C Piehl1, R J Davis, S I Prugh

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia.

Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics
|March 1, 1993
PubMed
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Osteomyelitis is a bone infection. In South Carolina, Salmonella was the most common cause of osteomyelitis in children with sickle cell disease, with an annual incidence of 0.36%.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric medicine
  • Infectious diseases
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic blood disorder.
  • Patients with SCD are at increased risk for infections, including osteomyelitis.
  • Osteomyelitis is a serious bone infection that can lead to long-term complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence and causative agents of osteomyelitis in children with sickle cell disease in South Carolina.
  • To analyze trends in osteomyelitis over a 13-year period.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of medical records from Sickle Cell Clinics in South Carolina (1977-1990).
  • Inclusion criteria: positive bone/blood cultures with correlating radiographs.
  • Review of 717 patient charts to identify osteomyelitis cases.

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Main Results:

  • 16 cases of osteomyelitis were identified in 15 pediatric patients with sickle cell disease.
  • The most common causative agent was Salmonella species (13 cases).
  • Other identified pathogens included Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus.
  • The annual incidence of osteomyelitis was calculated at 0.36%.

Conclusions:

  • Salmonella species are a significant cause of osteomyelitis in children with sickle cell disease in South Carolina.
  • Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial to prevent complications.
  • Continued surveillance for bone infections in this population is warranted.