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Cocaine intoxication presenting as preeclampsia and eclampsia
C V Towers1, R A Pircon, M P Nageotte
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Irvine, Orange.
Objective:
To relate the clinical presentation of acute cocaine intoxication in the third trimester to preeclampsia and eclampsia.
Methods:
Eleven women presented to Long Beach Memorial Women's Hospital and the University of California, Irvine Medical Center with hypertension and clinical symptoms of headache, blurred vision, abdominal pain, or seizures in the third trimester of pregnancy. Each had a positive urine drug screen for cocaine. The laboratory evaluation for preeclampsia included a complete blood count, platelet count, uric acid, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatinine, and urine for protein content.
Results:
All women had a diastolic blood pressure of at least 90 mmHg, which returned to the normal range 45-90 minutes after admission. Each presented with one or more symptoms associated with preeclampsia, which ultimately improved as the drug wore off. In addition, all laboratory evaluations for preeclampsia were negative.
Conclusion:
If a patient presents in the third trimester with hypertension and clinical symptoms of preeclampsia that rapidly improve shortly after admission, cocaine intoxication should be considered as the possible source.