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Convulsive status epilepticus in children

V Gross-Tsur1, S Shinnar

  • 1Florence Miller Neuropediatric Unit, Shaare Zedek Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel.

Epilepsia
|January 1, 1993
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric status epilepticus (SE) is common, but outcomes have improved significantly. Most children, especially those without prior neurological issues, experience favorable prognoses with rare long-term effects.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Epileptology
  • Clinical Pediatrics

Background:

  • Status epilepticus (SE) is a common neurological emergency in infants and children.
  • Children with pre-existing neurological abnormalities are at higher risk.
  • Over 90% of pediatric SE cases are convulsive and generalized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology, etiology, and outcomes of status epilepticus in children.
  • To assess the impact of SE on neurological sequelae and recurrence risk.
  • To highlight recent trends in pediatric SE morbidity and mortality.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent pediatric series on status epilepticus.
  • Analysis of SE etiology, including idiopathic, febrile, and symptomatic causes.
  • Evaluation of mortality rates, neurological sequelae, and recurrence risks based on patient history and SE type.

Main Results:

  • Pediatric SE mortality has declined to 3-10%, primarily in cases with severe CNS insults or progressive disorders.
  • Neurological sequelae are rare in children with idiopathic or febrile SE.
  • Recurrence risk is high (approx. 50%) in neurologically abnormal children but low in normal children.

Conclusions:

  • The prognosis for pediatric status epilepticus is generally favorable, particularly in neurologically normal children.
  • Advances in therapy and the immature brain's resilience contribute to positive outcomes.
  • Understanding risk factors is crucial for managing SE and preventing recurrence in pediatric populations.

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