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Related Experiment Videos

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

M Kaneko1, Y Hoshino, S Hashimoto

  • 1Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical College, Japan.

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
|March 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children is linked to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction. Some ADHD children show abnormal cortisol rhythms and reduced response to the dexamethasone suppression test (DST).

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroendocrinology
  • Child Psychiatry
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis regulates stress response.
  • Dysregulation of the HPA axis is implicated in various neurodevelopmental disorders.
  • Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate HPA axis function in children diagnosed with ADHD.
  • To assess diurnal cortisol variation and dexamethasone suppression test (DST) response in this cohort.
  • To explore potential correlations between HPA axis abnormalities and ADHD symptom severity.

Main Methods:

  • Salivary cortisol levels were measured to assess diurnal rhythm.
  • The dexamethasone suppression test (DST) was administered to evaluate HPA axis suppression.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Participants were 30 children diagnosed with ADHD.
  • Children were categorized based on hyperactivity severity.

    • Main Results:

    • Only 43.3% of children with ADHD exhibited a normal diurnal salivary cortisol rhythm.
    • The DST demonstrated suppression in 46.7% of the ADHD children.
    • Abnormal diurnal rhythms and DST non-suppression were more prevalent in severely hyperactive children compared to mildly hyperactive ones.

    Conclusions:

    • These findings suggest that a subset of children with ADHD exhibit HPA axis functional abnormalities.
    • HPA axis dysregulation appears more pronounced in children with severe hyperactivity.
    • Further research is warranted to understand the role of HPA axis dysfunction in ADHD pathophysiology.