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Chromium in human nutrition: a review
1U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, MD 20705.
The Journal of Nutrition
|April 1, 1993
Summary
Chromium supplementation improved insulin efficiency and lipid profiles in most studies of individuals with impaired glucose tolerance. Further research is needed to understand chromium's role in insulin resistance and develop diagnostic tests.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Human Nutrition
- Endocrinology
Background:
- Impaired glucose tolerance is a significant health concern.
- Chromium (Cr) is an essential trace mineral involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.
- Previous studies suggest chromium supplementation may benefit glucose control and lipid profiles.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review controlled studies on chromium(III) supplementation in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance.
- To identify the effects of chromium on glucose, insulin, and lipid metabolism.
- To highlight challenges and future research directions in chromium supplementation.
Main Methods:
- Review of 15 controlled studies involving chromium(III) supplementation.
- Analysis of effects on serum glucose, insulin, and lipid concentrations.
- Examination of in vitro and in vivo chromium activity.
Main Results:
- Twelve of 15 studies showed improved insulin efficiency or lipid profiles.
- Three studies with specific chromium dosages showed no significant effects.
- Chromium potentiates insulin action, with maximal in vitro activity linked to Glucose Tolerance Factor (GTF).
Conclusions:
- Chromium supplementation appears beneficial for many individuals with impaired glucose tolerance.
- Further research is required to identify chromium's precise mode of action and develop diagnostic tests for chromium status.
- Investigating chromium's role in Syndrome X (insulin resistance) is a key future direction.
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