Glycosaminoglycans and periodontal disease: analysis of GCF by safranin O

The purpose of this study was to quantify glycosaminoglycans (GAG) released into the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) during health, gingivitis, and adult periodontitis. The investigation tested the hypothesis that increased amounts of GAG can be measured in GCF associated with gingivitis and adult periodontitis as compared to health. An individual patient's sampling sites were assigned to either a health (control) group or 1 of 3 experimental groups, gingivitis, periodontal "maintenance" (perio-M), or periodontal "non-maintenance" (perio-NM) according to standard clinical criteria of pocket probing depth, bleeding on probing, and radiographic evidence of bone loss. The perio-M group was defined as a periodontal patient who had received a dental prophylaxis and/or root planning within 6 months prior to GCF collection. The perio-NM group had received no periodontal therapy during the previous 6 months. Subsequent to air-drying and isolation, GCF was collected by a microcapillary pipette held at the gingival margin. All fluid samples were digested overnight at 37 degrees C with 25 micrograms of papain and analyzed for GAG content using a chondroitin-4-sulfate standard. Data generated from safranin "O" dye binding assays of GAG revealed 4.41 +/- 9.82 ng GAG from the health (control) group (n = 23); the gingivitis group (n = 13) showed 15.23 +/- 11.85 ng GAG/sample; perio-M group (n = 11) showed 23.64 +/- 12.98 ng GAG/sample and the perio-NM group (n = 12) exhibited 119.08 +/- 33.14 ng GAG/sample.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)