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Using compound electrodes in electrical impedance tomography

P Hua1, E J Woo, J G Webster

  • 1Applied Research Group, Siemens Gammasonics Inc., IL 60195.

IEEE Transactions on Bio-Medical Engineering
|January 1, 1993
PubMed
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This study introduces a novel compound electrode for electrical impedance tomography (EIT). The new design minimizes voltage drop from electrode-skin contact impedance, leading to more accurate resistivity distribution imaging.

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Electrical Engineering
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) estimates resistivity distributions by injecting currents and measuring voltages.
  • Electrode-skin contact impedance significantly impacts EIT measurements due to its high and variable nature.
  • Conventional electrode configurations are susceptible to inaccuracies caused by contact impedance variations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a compound electrode for EIT to mitigate the effects of electrode-skin contact impedance.
  • To demonstrate the efficacy of the compound electrode in improving the accuracy of resistivity distribution reconstruction.
  • To assess the impact of the compound electrode on image quality in EIT.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a compound electrode comprising a current-injecting outer electrode and a voltage-sensing inner electrode.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Experimental measurements using the compound electrode on a physical phantom.
  • Modeling of the compound electrode using a finite element method.
  • Integration of the compound electrode model into a regularized Newton-Raphson reconstruction algorithm.
  • Sensitivity analysis to evaluate the influence of contact resistance on reconstructed images.

    • Main Results:

    • Compound electrodes produced voltage measurements with smaller amplitudes compared to conventional electrodes.
    • The compound electrode design effectively minimizes the voltage drop caused by contact impedance.
    • Reconstructed resistivity distributions showed reduced dependency on unknown contact resistance values when using compound electrodes.
    • The use of compound electrodes led to improved image quality in the EIT reconstruction algorithm.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed compound electrode is effective in minimizing contact impedance effects in EIT.
    • This novel electrode design enhances the accuracy and reliability of resistivity distribution imaging.
    • Compound electrodes represent a significant advancement for improving image reconstruction in electrical impedance tomography.