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Serological correlates in whooping cough

M Granström1, G Granström

  • 1Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.

Vaccine
|January 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary
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Lower antibody levels to Bordetella pertussis antigens, including pertussis toxin, were found in women before developing whooping cough. Antibodies to pertussis toxin appear crucial for protection against the disease.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Whooping cough (pertussis) remains a significant public health concern.
  • Understanding immune responses to Bordetella pertussis is crucial for effective prevention and control strategies.
  • Predisease antibody levels may indicate susceptibility or early-stage infection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare antibody concentrations to key Bordetella pertussis antigens in women before developing whooping cough versus healthy controls.
  • To identify specific antigens whose antibody levels correlate with protection or susceptibility to pertussis.
  • To elucidate the role of different antibodies in protection against whooping cough.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of predisease serum samples from 94 women who later developed culture-confirmed whooping cough.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Comparison of antibody concentrations to three Bordetella pertussis antigens (pertussis toxin, filamentous haemagglutinin, lipopolysaccharide) with matched controls.
  • Utilized Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and a neutralization test for antibody measurement.

    • Main Results:

    • Significantly lower median IgG antibody levels to all three antigens were observed in cases compared to controls (p < 0.01).
    • A significant difference in antibody distribution was specifically noted for pertussis toxin (p < 0.007).
    • Antibody levels to pertussis toxin showed a strong correlation with protection, as indicated by both ELISA and neutralization tests.

    Conclusions:

    • Antibodies to Bordetella pertussis antigens, including pertussis toxin, filamentous haemagglutinin, and lipopolysaccharide, likely contribute to protection against whooping cough.
    • Antibodies targeting pertussis toxin play a predominant role in conferring protection against the disease.
    • These findings have implications for vaccine development and understanding natural immunity to pertussis.