Determination of dihydrocodeine in hair of opiate addicts by GC/MS

After the examination of more than 300 hair samples of suspected heroin abusers, a large number of which proved positive, we can say that high concentrations of dihydrocodeine can be determined either in addition to, or in the place of, morphine and also frequently in combination with codeine. The opiates were extracted after dissolving the hair samples in NaOH and hydrolysis with HCl. The quantitative determination of dihydrocodeine was achieved by derivatisation with HFBA using GC/MS at m/u = 497. Dihydrocodeine is used in antitussive drugs. After the examination of individual hair samples, it was obvious that some heroin consumers had switched to dihydrocodeine. This may lead to the conclusion that dihydrocodeine itself is used either as an intoxicating drug or to reduce withdrawal symptoms. The increasing number of positive samples should be noted by the legal authorities.