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Related Experiment Videos

Depth-dose equivalent relationship for cosmic rays at various solar minima

G D Badhwar1, F A Cucinotta, P M O'Neill

  • 1NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas 77058.

Radiation Research
|April 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Galactic cosmic rays (GCR) present a significant radiation risk for space missions. This study models GCR flux using solar modulation theory, determining shielding needs for spacecraft and lunar habitats.

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Area of Science:

  • Space physics and radiation shielding.
  • Astrophysics and solar modulation.
  • Radiation protection for astronauts.

Background:

  • Galactic cosmic rays (GCR) are a major radiation hazard for long-duration space missions.
  • Radiation exposure dictates shielding requirements, impacting spacecraft weight.
  • Accurate GCR flux assessment is crucial for mission design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Extend spherical solar modulation theory to analyze GCR flux from 1954.
  • Determine GCR spectra for all nuclei and calculate dose equivalents.
  • Provide shielding thickness recommendations for lunar habitats and Mars transfer vehicles.

Main Methods:

  • Applied spherically symmetric diffusion theory of solar modulation.
  • Utilized differential energy spectra data for hydrogen, helium, oxygen, and iron (1965-1989).
Keywords:
NASA Center JSCNASA Discipline Radiation Health

Related Experiment Videos

  • Extended analysis back to 1954 and calculated depth dose versus aluminum shielding.

    • Main Results:

    • 1954-1955 GCR flux was similar to 1976-1977; 1965 flux matched 1986 levels.
    • Shielding of 17.5(-3)+8 g cm⁻² aluminum is needed to stay below 0.5 Sv (using ICRP 26).
    • Shielding of 9(-1.5)+5 g cm⁻² aluminum is needed to stay below 0.6 Sv (using ICRP 26).
    • ICRP 60 quality factors yield ~15% higher dose equivalents than ICRP 26.

    Conclusions:

    • The 1954 solar minimum exhibited a higher GCR flux than previously estimated.
    • Shielding requirements are quantified for specific dose limits, considering solar cycle variations.
    • Quality factor uncertainties highlight the need for conservative radiation protection strategies.