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Related Concept Videos

Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:17

Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview

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Lower respiratory tract disorders present challenges that often require skilled and nuanced approaches for effective management. Common ailments, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), have prompted the development of intricate treatment strategies involving bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs, each tailored to ease breathing and revitalize the lungs.
Bronchodilators, the first step of respiration enhancement, come in various forms, each with its own mechanism...
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Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

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Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.
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Antiasthma Drugs: Methylxanthines01:24

Antiasthma Drugs: Methylxanthines

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Theophylline, a member of the methylxanthine class of bronchodilators, has long been used in asthma management. While its exact mechanism of action is not fully understood, it is believed to have multiple effects on various cellular processes.
Theophylline is thought to inhibit phosphodiesterase enzymes, increasing intracellular levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). This rise in cAMP and cGMP concentrations stimulates cardiac function,...
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Antiasthma Drugs: Leukotriene Modifiers01:19

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Leukotriene modifiers, or cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonists, are medications used to manage chronic asthma. These agents target specific inflammatory mediators produced during arachidonic acid metabolism, an essential process in generating inflammation in the body.
Leukotriene modifiers work through two distinct mechanisms:
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Antiasthma Drugs: Inhaled Corticosteroids and Glucocorticoids01:25

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Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are anti-inflammatory drugs used primarily in treating persistent asthma and providing long-term maintenance. They target the bronchial mucosa, the lining of the airways, to control inflammation, a critical factor in asthma progression and exacerbation.
ICS work through a multifaceted mechanism of action. They suppress the inflammatory response caused by the proliferation of TH cells. They also reduce the transcription of the IL-2 gene, which is involved in the...
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Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs01:25

Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs

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Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
Mast cell stabilizers, such as cromolyn (also known as sodium cromoglycate) and nedocromil (Tilade), are effective drugs in asthma management. These stabilizers hinder histamine release by skillfully obstructing the activation of mast cells and other cellular entities. Notably, they navigate this task without...
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Bronchial Thermoplasty: A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Severe Asthma
14:39

Bronchial Thermoplasty: A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Severe Asthma

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Anti-inflammatory therapy for asthma

P J Barnes1

  • 1Department of Thoracic Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, United Kingdom.

Annual Review of Medicine
|January 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease. Anti-inflammatory drugs, like inhaled corticosteroids, are recommended over bronchodilators for effective asthma management and preventing long-term complications.

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Asthma is characterized as a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the airways.
  • Key cellular players in asthma pathogenesis include mast cells, eosinophils, and T lymphocytes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To emphasize the importance of anti-inflammatory treatments for asthma.
  • To recommend specific anti-inflammatory agents based on asthma severity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current understanding of asthma pathophysiology.
  • Evaluation of the efficacy of different anti-inflammatory asthma medications.

Main Results:

  • Inhaled corticosteroids are highly effective for all asthma patients.
  • Cromolyn sodium and nedocromil sodium show effectiveness in mild asthma cases.

Conclusions:

  • Anti-inflammatory therapy is the preferred approach for asthma management.
  • Early and broad use of anti-inflammatory drugs can decrease asthma morbidity and mortality.
  • Prompt treatment may prevent irreversible airflow obstruction in severe asthma.