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Related Experiment Videos

Expectations disease: a model for understanding stress, control and dependent behaviour

S H Frank1

  • 1Department of Family Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.

Family Practice
|March 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary
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This study introduces an integrative model for emotional health issues in primary care, defining "expectations disease" by five disorders of control and resulting loss of control behaviors. This framework aids in diagnosing and managing complex patient presentations.

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry and Behavioral Health
  • Primary Care Medicine
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Many emotional health issues in primary care defy standard psychiatric diagnoses.
  • Existing models may not adequately capture the interplay of stress, control, and behavioral responses.
  • A need exists for a clinically applicable framework for primary care settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present an integrative model for understanding emotional health issues in primary care.
  • To define and describe "expectations disease" and its relationship to control and loss of control behaviors.
  • To provide a framework for clinical utility in primary care settings.

Main Methods:

  • Development of an integrative model focusing on stress, control, and dependent behaviors.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Definition of "expectations disease" based on five specific disorders of control.
  • Description of "loss of control" as a cascade of behaviors to manage dissonant thinking.

    • Main Results:

    • "Expectations disease" is characterized by five disorders of control: unmet/excessive need for control, impaired recognition of controllability, misattribution of control, control dissimulation, and fear of loss of control.
    • Loss of control behaviors (e.g., substance abuse, bingeing, depression) provide transient relief but create long-term problems.
    • The severity, chronicity, intensity, and rigidity of control disorders determine the impact of "expectations disease".

    Conclusions:

    • The integrative model offers a novel approach to understanding and diagnosing complex emotional health presentations in primary care.
    • The model's focus on disorders of control and loss of control provides clinical utility for managing patients with unclear diagnoses.
    • Further exploration of the model's advantages and disadvantages is warranted for refining primary care interventions.