Impaired mobility: Guillain-Barré syndrome

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a complicated degenerative disorder which can be chronic or acute in nature. Its etiology is unclear although it has been associated with both cell- and humoral-mediated autoimmune mechanisms. Pathophysiologic effects of the disease include inflammation, demyelination of peripheral nerves, loss of granular bodies and degeneration of the basement membrane of the Schwann cell. This results in ascending paralysis and loss of cranial nerve function. Manifestations may be acute or chronic, and temporary or permanent, depending upon the degree of neuronal destruction. Due to the pervasive nature of GBS, nursing care is a challenge. Assessment of motor, respiratory and cardiac function is of key importance. Total care of the patient focuses on risks related to impaired mobility and ineffective airway clearance. Psychosocial care and patient education are also integral components of care.