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Pelvic inflammatory disease: risk factors and microbial etiologies
1Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Magee-Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-3180.
Objective:
To review the risk factors and microbial etiologies of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).
Data Sources:
Include 77 current and historical references on PID, PID risk factors, and sexually transmitted diseases.
Study Selection:
34 studies that address specific research questions.
Data Extraction:
Data were used from studies whose methodologies are discussed.
Data Synthesis:
This review identifies research problems regarding the definition, diagnosis, and identification of microbial profiles and risk factors of PID.
Conclusions:
More reliable diagnostic criteria for the varied clinical presentations of this polymicrobial infection are needed. PID is a disease with multiple, interrelated risks. Education is an important nursing intervention.