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Twin growth problems: causes and sonographic analysis

S D Harrison1, D R Cyr, R M Patten

  • 1University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle.

Seminars in Ultrasound, CT, and MR
|February 1, 1993
PubMed
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Twin pregnancies carry increased risks, especially monozygotic twins with monochorionic placentation. Early risk assessment via sonography and monitoring twin growth are crucial for identifying complications and improving outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Perinatology
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine
  • Reproductive Biology

Background:

  • Twin pregnancies present unique embryogenic and placental characteristics.
  • Monochorionic placentation in twins is associated with significantly higher risks compared to dizygotic twins.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the risks associated with twin pregnancies.
  • To highlight the importance of understanding twin embryogenesis and placental variations.
  • To review common complications in twin gestations.

Main Methods:

  • Sonographic determination of chorionicity and amnionicity.
  • Evaluation of intrauterine twin growth patterns.
  • Review of literature on twin pregnancy complications.

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Main Results:

  • Monochorionic placentation is linked to increased risks, with monochorionic-monoamniotic twins facing up to 50% mortality.
  • Normal twin growth parallels singleton growth until late in the third trimester.
  • Specific complications like twin transfusion syndrome and acardiac twins were discussed.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate assessment of chorionicity and amnionicity is vital for risk stratification in twin pregnancies.
  • Monitoring fetal growth is essential for early detection of abnormalities.
  • Awareness of unique twin pregnancy complications aids in timely management and improved neonatal outcomes.