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Morphometric and dynamic studies of bone changes in hyperthyroidism

F Melsen, L Mosekilde

    Acta Pathologica Et Microbiologica Scandinavica. Section A, Pathology
    |March 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Hyperthyroidism accelerates bone turnover, increasing both bone formation and resorption. This leads to increased porosity in cortical bone and mineral mobilization, impacting bone health.

    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Bone Biology
    • Histomorphometry

    Background:

    • Hyperthyroidism is associated with significant metabolic changes.
    • Thyroid hormones play a crucial role in bone metabolism, influencing both formation and resorption.
    • Understanding the specific bone alterations in hyperthyroidism is essential for managing associated complications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the specific histomorphometric changes in cortical and trabecular bone in hyperthyroid patients.
    • To quantify the effects of thyroid hormones on bone formation, resorption, and mineralization rates.

    Main Methods:

    • Bone biopsies were obtained from the iliac crest of 40 hyperthyroid patients after tetracycline double-labeling.
    • Decalcified and undecalcified bone sections were analyzed using morphometric measurements and point counting.

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  • Cortical and trabecular bone parameters, including osteoid, porosity, and osteoclastic activity, were assessed.

    • Main Results:

    • A slight decrease in cancellous bone volume and normal mean cortical width were observed.
    • Increased osteoid amount and length, with decreased width, were noted.
    • Markedly increased cortical osteoclastic activity and porosity, along with moderately increased trabecular osteoclastic activity, were found.
    • Calcification rates and labeled surfaces were increased, indicating enhanced bone formation and mineralization.
    • Cortical osteoclastic activity correlated positively with free thyroxine index and urinary calcium/phosphorus excretion.

    Conclusions:

    • Thyroid hormones stimulate both bone formation and resorption in hyperthyroidism.
    • Increased cortical porosity and bone mineral mobilization are key features of hyperthyroid bone disease.
    • The observed bone changes are specific to hyperthyroidism, highlighting the direct impact of thyroid hormones on bone remodeling.