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Similarities and differences between calcium antagonists: pharmacological aspects

P A van Zwieten1, M Pfaffendorf

  • 1Department of Pharmacotherapy, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Journal of Hypertension. Supplement : Official Journal of the International Society of Hypertension
|March 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Calcium antagonists, vital for cardiovascular disease treatment, are categorized into phenylalkylamines, dihydropyridines, and benzothiazepines. Newer dihydropyridine calcium antagonists offer extended action and targeted vascular effects.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine

Background:

  • Calcium antagonists are crucial for managing cardiovascular diseases.
  • Key classes include phenylalkylamines (verapamil), dihydropyridines (nifedipine), and benzothiazepines (diltiazem).
  • Each class exhibits distinct cardiovascular effects, with dihydropyridines primarily acting as vasodilators.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the characteristics of established and novel calcium antagonists.
  • To highlight advancements in dihydropyridine calcium antagonists.
  • To emphasize the potential of lacidipine in cardiovascular therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of calcium antagonist pharmacology.
  • Comparison of older and newer generation calcium antagonists.
  • Characterization of specific newer agents like amlodipine, felodipine, and lacidipine.

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Main Results:

  • Newer dihydropyridine calcium antagonists generally possess longer durations of action.
  • These newer agents exhibit selectivity for specific vascular beds (e.g., coronary, renal).
  • Novel compounds may offer additional benefits such as diuretic or anti-atherogenic properties.

Conclusions:

  • Newer calcium antagonists, particularly dihydropyridines, represent significant therapeutic advancements.
  • Lacidipine shows particular promise for cardiovascular drug therapy.
  • Ongoing research focuses on enhanced efficacy and targeted action of calcium antagonists.