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Related Experiment Videos

Continuing female predominance in depressive illness

A C Leon1, G L Klerman, P Wickramaratne

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Cornell University Medical College, New York, NY 10021.

American Journal of Public Health
|May 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Women face nearly double the risk of major depressive disorder (MDD), with peak onset in adolescence and early adulthood. Temporal trends show vulnerability was highest in the 1960s and 1970s, with no reduction in gender disparities.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Epidemiology
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Major depressive disorder (MDD) affects individuals across developmental stages.
  • Understanding temporal trends and gender differences in MDD is crucial for public health.
  • Previous research indicates varying onset ages and prevalence rates between genders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate gender-specific temporal trends in major depressive disorder (MDD) from childhood through young adulthood.
  • To analyze the impact of gender, age, period, and cohort on MDD incidence by age 35.
  • To assess changes in gender differences in MDD rates over time.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of age-specific incidence rates within a high-risk cohort (N=2000) of first-degree relatives of individuals with affective disorder.

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  • Utilizing data from the National Institute of Mental Health Collaborative Study on the Psychobiology of Depression.
  • Longitudinal assessment of depression onset and risk factors across developmental periods.

    • Main Results:

    • Women exhibited a nearly twofold increased risk for major depressive disorder (MDD) compared to men.
    • MDD incidence rates peaked during adolescence and early adulthood for women.
    • Periods of highest vulnerability for depression were identified in the 1960s and 1970s.
    • Recent increases in depression rates have not diminished the observed gender differences.

    Conclusions:

    • Gender significantly influences the risk and temporal trajectory of major depressive disorder (MDD).
    • Adolescence and early adulthood represent critical periods for MDD onset in women.
    • Despite temporal shifts in incidence, persistent gender disparities in MDD risk warrant further investigation and targeted interventions.