Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosage Regimen: Overview01:15

Drug Dosage Regimen: Overview

4.1K
A drug dosage regimen describes the specific instructions and schedule for administering a drug to a patient. It considers factors such as drug dosage, frequency, route of administration, and duration of treatment. Designing an appropriate dosage regimen for a patient aims to achieve a target drug concentration at the site of action.
Typically, the starting dose and dosing interval are guided by the manufacturer's recommendations based on clinical trials conducted during and after drug...
4.1K
Dosage Regimens: Partial Pharmacokinetic Parameters01:01

Dosage Regimens: Partial Pharmacokinetic Parameters

366
It is not uncommon for complete drug pharmacokinetic profiles to remain elusive in pharmacokinetics. This necessitates certain educated assumptions by pharmacokineticists to determine appropriate dosage regimens without comprehensive pharmacokinetic data from animal or human studies. One prevalent assumption is setting the bioavailability factor, denoted as F, to 1 or 100%. This assumption caters to the scenario where a drug doesn't achieve full systemic absorption, resulting in the patient...
366
Dosage Regimen: Individualization01:24

Dosage Regimen: Individualization

406
Individualization in dosing regimens is the customization of medication doses for individual patients. Its necessity arises from the goal of maximizing therapeutic benefits while minimizing risks. This approach is pivotal because human responses to drugs can vary widely; what is effective for one person may be inadequate or excessive for another. Interpatient (intersubject) variability refers to differences in drug responses between individuals, while intrapatient (intrasubject) variability...
406
Dosage Regimen Designs: Nomograms and Tabulations01:23

Dosage Regimen Designs: Nomograms and Tabulations

360
Nomograms and tabulations are vital tools used by clinicians to design accurate and individualized dosage regimens. These instruments provide a straightforward method for adjusting dosages based on individual patient characteristics, including age, weight, and physiological condition. The foundation of a drug's nomogram is population pharmacokinetic data collected and analyzed using specific models. This data simplifies complex equations, presenting them diagrammatically or tabularly for easy...
360
Determination of Multiple Dosing Parameters: Steady-State, Minimum and Maximum Concentrations01:15

Determination of Multiple Dosing Parameters: Steady-State, Minimum and Maximum Concentrations

388
Gentamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, is commonly administered via intermittent intravenous infusion to treat severe infections. An intermittent one-hour infusion of gentamicin, administered at eight-hour intervals, allows for precise control of plasma drug concentrations, minimizing toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy. Pharmacokinetic principles govern the dynamics of plasma concentrations and can be mathematically described using specific equations.The plasma drug concentration...
388
IV Infusion to Oral Dosing: Conversion Methods01:28

IV Infusion to Oral Dosing: Conversion Methods

216
The development of extended-release formulations has facilitated the transition from intravenous to oral medication, offering a more convenient and patient-friendly approach to drug administration. This transition, however, requires careful management to ensure that therapeutic drug levels are maintained, preserving efficacy and avoiding adverse effects. Understanding pharmacokinetic principles and dosage calculations is critical during this process.Pharmacokinetics of the...
216

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Impact of organism species on microbial eradication and development of resistance in severe gram-negative pneumonia.

Journal of chemotherapy (Florence, Italy)·2010
Same author

A case series of macrolide treatment failures in community acquired pneumonia.

Journal of chemotherapy (Florence, Italy)·2007
Same author

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modelling of antibiotic therapy.

Current opinion in infectious diseases·2006
Same author

Linezolid in the treatment of osteomyelitis: results of compassionate use experience.

Infection·2004
Same author

Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of moxifloxacin.

Drugs of today (Barcelona, Spain : 1998)·2003
Same author

Safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetics of linezolid for treatment of resistant Gram-positive infections in cancer patients with neutropenia.

Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology·2003
Same journal

Correction to I.M. Matters News: Sleep medicine for seniors.

Annals of internal medicine·2026
Same journal

Adverse Events After Same-Day COVID-19 and Influenza Vaccination Versus Influenza Vaccination Alone : A Target Trial Emulation.

Annals of internal medicine·2026
Same journal

Leveraging Real-World Evidence to Inform Regulatory, Clinical, and Coverage Decisions Related to Glucagon-Like Peptide-1-Based Therapies: Synopsis of a National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Workshop.

Annals of internal medicine·2026
Same journal

Methodological Approaches to Real-World Evidence Generation for Glucagon-like Peptide-1-Based Therapies: Synopsis of a National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Workshop.

Annals of internal medicine·2026
Same journal

Weekly and Biweekly Treatment With Bofanglutide Versus Semaglutide in Chinese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes : A Phase 2b Randomized Clinical Trial.

Annals of internal medicine·2026
Same journal

Grappling with GLP-1 prescribing.

Annals of internal medicine·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

Percutaneous Hepatic Perfusion PHP with Melphalan as a Treatment for Unresectable Metastases Confined to the Liver
09:02

Percutaneous Hepatic Perfusion PHP with Melphalan as a Treatment for Unresectable Metastases Confined to the Liver

Published on: July 31, 2016

11.4K

Intravenous theophylline therapy: nomogram guidelines

W J Jusko, J R Koup, J W Vance

    Annals of Internal Medicine
    |April 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    A new nomogram standardizes intravenous theophylline therapy for hospitalized patients, enabling precise loading doses and maintenance rates. This tool successfully achieved therapeutic serum concentrations in most patients, improving drug management.

    More Related Videos

    A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings
    06:59

    A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings

    Published on: November 9, 2016

    33.9K
    An Open-Source Normothermic Perfusion System Designed for Research Scientists
    11:23

    An Open-Source Normothermic Perfusion System Designed for Research Scientists

    Published on: July 18, 2025

    1.4K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: May 6, 2026

    Percutaneous Hepatic Perfusion PHP with Melphalan as a Treatment for Unresectable Metastases Confined to the Liver
    09:02

    Percutaneous Hepatic Perfusion PHP with Melphalan as a Treatment for Unresectable Metastases Confined to the Liver

    Published on: July 31, 2016

    11.4K
    A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings
    06:59

    A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings

    Published on: November 9, 2016

    33.9K
    An Open-Source Normothermic Perfusion System Designed for Research Scientists
    11:23

    An Open-Source Normothermic Perfusion System Designed for Research Scientists

    Published on: July 18, 2025

    1.4K

    Area of Science:

    • Pharmacology
    • Clinical Therapeutics
    • Medical Nomograms

    Background:

    • Intravenous theophylline is crucial for managing respiratory conditions.
    • Standardizing theophylline dosing is challenging due to variable patient metabolism.
    • Accurate dosing is essential to maintain therapeutic serum concentrations and minimize toxicity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and validate a nomogram for guiding intravenous theophylline therapy.
    • To standardize the calculation of loading doses and maintenance infusion rates.
    • To improve the management of theophylline therapy in hospitalized patients.

    Main Methods:

    • Evolved a nomogram for calculating theophylline loading dose (based on body weight and prior therapy) and maintenance infusion rate (based on metabolic activity categories).
    • Prospectively applied the nomogram in the treatment of 72 hospitalized patients, primarily in a respiratory care unit.
    • Monitored serum theophylline concentrations to assess nomogram efficacy.

    Main Results:

    • The nomogram successfully achieved near-steady-state serum theophylline concentrations within the therapeutic range (8–20 mg/litre) in 72% of patients.
    • Only two patients had concentrations outside the broader range of 5–25 mg/litre.
    • The nomogram facilitated initial dosing and provided a basis for interpreting and adjusting therapy.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed nomogram effectively guides and standardizes intravenous theophylline therapy.
    • This tool aids in achieving therapeutic serum concentrations, particularly in older patients or those with comorbidities like liver and cardiac disease.
    • The nomogram offers a rational approach to theophylline dosage adjustment and interpretation of serum levels.